Allergy Diagnostics – Dr. Sopho Kipshidze

Allergic skin tests are the primary in vivo method for diagnosing allergic diseases. They are used to detect IgE-mediated (Type I) hypersensitivity and delayed-type (Type IV) contact allergies. Proper selection, performance, and interpretation of these tests are crucial for clinical decision-making.

The prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing worldwide, which underscores the importance of accurate diagnostic methods. Allergic skin testing remains the gold standard for evaluating many allergic conditions and preventing complications.

Prick and intradermal tests are based on immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions. Absolute contraindications for allergic skin tests include:

• Uncontrolled, severe asthma
• Recent episode of anaphylaxis

Advantages of the study include: Rapid results, high specificity, and low systemic risk.

Important considerations: Antihistamine medications must be discontinued 2–7 days before the test, as they may lead to false-negative results.

Complications of the study are mostly mild: Local itching, erythema, and slight swelling. Very rare but severe complications include generalized urticaria, bronchospasm, and anaphylaxis. Given these risks, the test should only be performed in a medical facility.

Currently, our clinic offers allergy diagnostics for local anesthetics, certain groups of antibiotics, anesthetics and muscle relaxants, as well as contrast agents.